A `List` materializes every intermediate `map`/`filter` result. A `Sequence` processes ONE element through the whole pipeline at a time — better for big inputs or short-circuiting (`first`, `take`).
Lazily construct an expensive object exactly once, with TypeScript inferring the return type from the factory. Cleaner than the class-trait singleton pattern for module-scoped state.
`by lazy { ... }` runs the block on first access, caches the result. Default mode is thread-safe (synchronized). Perfect for expensive initialization where you might never need the value.