A `List` materializes every intermediate `map`/`filter` result. A `Sequence` processes ONE element through the whole pipeline at a time — better for big inputs or short-circuiting (`first`, `take`).
`by lazy { ... }` runs the block on first access, caches the result. Default mode is thread-safe (synchronized). Perfect for expensive initialization where you might never need the value.
Lazily construct an expensive object exactly once, with TypeScript inferring the return type from the factory. Cleaner than the class-trait singleton pattern for module-scoped state.